buy custom Energy Drinks essay

buy custom Energy Drinks essay Energy drinks refer to beverages that contain calories, caffeine and other energy enhancing ingredients like vitamin B and herbal extracts. They first appeared in Europe in the 1960s and have ever been popular since then. The consumption of energy drinks is rapidly increasing and has a large untapped market in India. This paper will demonstrate a chocolate based energy drink, Mozarl energy drink, and demonstrate how the drink will be marketed in India. Product Description Mozarl energy drink is a new chocolate energy drink in the market whose purpose is to help the consumer boost his/her energy levels and improve metabolism. The Mozarl energy drink contains caffeine that helps improve strength, endurance and mental function. The Mozarl energy drink is packaged in a large returnable bottle (LRB) and non-returnable/ disposable bottle (NRD). The Mozarl energy drink gives the consumer extra burst of energy. Its energy comes from two main ingredients: sugar and caffeine. An average 12-ounce Mozarl energy drink contains 85 milligrams of caffeine. The reasons for picking Mozarl energy drink is that it is actually natural chocolate flavor unlike other drinks with artificial chocolate flavors. Mozarl energy drinks are easily applicable and they need to be reinvented in the Indian market. The target country in this case is India. As a category, India is a small as far as energy drinks is concerned by conservative estimates but the market has opened up and is growing at a very steady rate (Pinto and Shahana). Pinto and Joshi say that expert estimation show that the market is growing at 25 percent annually. This leaves room that no doubt there is a potential market for energy drinks in India. Chibber further asserts that the energy drink market in India is still in its infancy thus strengthening the fact that we will have a ready market for our product. Our Mozarl energy drink target audience will be anyone between the ages of 15-45 years; the young, ravers, athletes and even young adults in India. India a country that boosts itself as a sports hub in the Asian continent and sports like cricket and football are very popular. For athletes, we have discovered that they will need to improve stamina on the courts. Older adults will use Mozarl to enhance their physical performance not only in work but also even in bedroom matters. Mozarl is designed in such a way that it is a status drink. Therefore, we attract the youth who will want to be caught swallowing a can of Mozarl energy drink due to its designer status. To differentiate our products from competition, we will have to broaden the target market in an effort to reach niche markets. We have discovered that such submarkets in India will include energy drinks designed specifically for women, for the body builders, for the extreme sport enthusiasts and for carbohydrate conscious. We w ill target the upper and middle income earners but we will also distribute Mozarl to other rural towns in India as well. Energy drinks market in the U.S. is very much developed unlike in India. The U.S. market is very much attractive to the young upper middle class to affluent users. Statistics from Datamonitor indicate that the global soft drinks market grew at a rate of 3.45 percent from 2005-2009 and new product launches increased by 8.59 percent. The U.S. topped by retail sales while India ranked 25th in retail sales but 13th in terms of number of new product launches in 2009. India has a large population with 47 percent of the people below 30 years of age. Despite this, India has a low consumption average of 5.2 liters against the U.S. average of 300-400 liters or even a world average of 85.22 liters. In 2006, the U.S. consumer drank 900m liters of energy drinks and this was a 47 percent increase from the previous year (Merett). The growth of energy drink consumption was attributed to male oriented energy drinks and a consumer looking for healthy drinks who want to enjoy a new wave of energy products. The latent demand for energy drinks in India neither actual nor future sles but can go either way especially if its market is inefficient market. Inefficiencies in the Indian market are caused lack of international openness, regulations, cartel like behaviors and cultural barriers. The single most important variable determining consumption in any country is income, the United States is a developed country unlike India and therefore we expect demand in Indi be lower when compared to the U.S. India has some cultural beliefs that may limit consumption while the U.S. has few cultural beliefs, in any does exist. Language is barrier in India due to its many sub-tribes and English is not commonly used throughout the country unlike in the U.S. where almost 100 percent of the target market understands English. As a developed country U.S. citizens have extra money to spend in luxuries and other affluent products like our energy drink. The living conditions in the U.S. are high as to when compa red to those in India and therefore we expect a lower energy drink uptake in India as compared to the statistics in the U.S. Indians attitude towards foreign products has been shown to be poor. Therefore, we are planning on using local musicians and Bollywood starts to market Mozarl and have the distinctive nature as being one of their products. Negotiating Business with Indian Channels Business regulation varies across the continent and India has stringiest laws unlike in the U.S. where we have relaxed systems. It is important to realize that India has a history of invasion and migration that has influenced its culture, economy and how business is conducted in general. Economic reforms however have ensured that business markets have continued to strengthen and grow. Indias population consists of 80 percent Hindus, 12 percent islands and 8 percent other ethinic groups. According to Katz, business meeting in India generally starts with a small friendly talk including personal questions about the family. This is especially important as it is seen as building a good rapport and trust before business. The family unit is highly respected and it is therefore important that a lot of interest is shown towards Indian counterparts to help establish successful relationships. During negotiations, it is vital to trust and establish relationships with Indians before any form of business can take place. This is mainly to help bridge cultural and communication gap that we had seen earlier that do exist. These negotiations can be done by individuals or a team of negotiators with everyone assigned a specific role. Although Indians may appear in scheduled meetings late, they expect foreigners to be punctual and therefore it is important that agreed time is observed. Although both men and women can take part in introductions, men should wait women to initiate handshakes first as some Indian women may not be ready to make a physical handshake with men prompting a nod from foreigners. Indians value academic and professional titles and is important that they are used. Culture dictates that older people are introduced and greeted first. Namste is a traditional Indian greeting that involves putting both hands together as if in prayer but light handshakes can be done if a foreigner (Katz, p.3). Challenges in Conducting Business in India A review by Ansar lists the following as the challenges foreign investors encounter when doing business in India; Building relationships_ Indian culture focuses more relationship and trust and cultural awareness will help develop strategies to avoid frustrations and delayed projects in order to be able to reach tangible results. Levels of English_ most university graduate in urban centers have a good command of English but understanding Indian English can be challenging especially with their heavy accents. Being aware of Indian English will help reduce both loss of time and reduce misunderstandings. Authority_ many Indian cultures places a lot of importance to authority and status. Unless well understood, these complexities of Indian attitudes and how they affect business can make organizations doiing business in India struggle and fail to harness value or experience from its employees. Delays in courts_ foreign companies face the daunting task of case delays in Indian courts some taking even years to resolve. Arbitration has not gained prominence and can also be long. Corruption_ corruption in India is a big hurdle. India was ranked number 92 out of 159 countries that were surveyed by Transparency International on corruption index. There is rampant bureaucracy as well as many political and regulatory risks can be a big challenge. Inadequate infrastructure_ India has a poor infrastructure with poor energy supply, ineffective airports and unpaved roads will be a big challenge especially for distribution purposes. Strategy Our strategy will include detailing the advantages of consuming Mozarl energy drink and this will include; Mozarl energy drink will help relieve fatigue for those who suffer from this problem. By raising energy levels, Mozarl energy drink will help enhance mental alertness. Mozarl energy drink is best in providing herbal and mineral substances. Mozarl energy drink is exactly suited for that to perform strong works that need energy. Helps fight against drowsiness at all times. Competition The competitive landscape in India is that one major brand, Red Bull, controls 66 percent of the market while second on the list is coca colas burn that controls 12 percent of the market. Others are Goldwin Healthcare PVTs Cloud9 and JMJ Groups XXX. This shows that although dominated by Red Bull, there exists opportunities and the market is not saturated. Our competitive advantage will be introducing a sugar free product in the market, a sleek package and we will introduce the product in the market by using person to person strategy in order to become a next frontier in branding competition. Using a Multi-Formatted Promotional Program Reaching the Target Audience Will do exactly as the old adage goes start with where you audience is. We will start by using advertising that can appeal from teenagers to young adults. We will use popular musicians and Bollywood stars in marketing our products as they appeal to our target audience. Media Format to be Used There is a good TV viewership in India and our target audiences are people who can afford TV sets. We will use television as the main advertising media due to visual and audio messages. India has wide and good internet coverage and due to the fact that our products appeals young affluent adults, we will use the internet to advertise on top of using TV. Mobile connectivity in India is the second largest in the world and we will target mobile users by using Indias favorite mobile providers by sending messages for availability of our products in major retail outlets throughout the country. Other will be use of billboards and POS materials Retail Stores in India India has several retail outlets but most of them are located in urban centers. International retail outlet like Mobile Store, McDonalds, Pizza Hut, Big Bazaar and Monginis can be found in India. Other local outlets like supermarkets and hyper-stores are also popular and can be used as distribution points. Indias postal system is not very reliable hence we will not depend it on distribution. Indians love bright things and we will package Mozarl according to their preferred colors; bright red PET and cans. We will package the smallest can at 200ml aimed at the relative small consumers and for the affluent big spenders we will have 500ml bottles. Cans will be sold at 300ml and this way, we will attract our target markets with not only attractive colors but also with the sleekest packages. Buy custom Energy Drinks essay

Classic British and American Essays and Speeches

Classic British and American Essays and Speeches From the works and musings of Walt  Witman to those of Virginia Woolf, some of the cultural heroes and prolific artists of prose are listed belowalong with some of the worlds greatest essays and speeches  ever composed by these British and American literary treasures. George Ade (1866-1944) George Ade was an America playwright, newspaper columnist and humorist whose greatest recognition was Fables in Slang (1899), a satire that explored the colloquial vernacular of America. Ade eventually succeeded in doing what he set out to do: Make America laugh. The Difference Between Learning and Learning How:In due time the Faculty gave the Degree of M.A. to what was left of Otis and still his Ambition was not satisfied.Luxuries: About sixty-five per cent of all the people in the world think they are getting along great when they are not starving to death.Vacations: The planet you are now visiting may be the only one you ever see. Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906) American activist Susan B. Anthony crusaded for the womens suffrage movement, making way for the Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution in 1920, giving women the right to vote. Anthony is principally known for the six-volume History of Woman Suffrage.   On Womens Right to Vote: The only question left to be settled now is: Are women persons? Robert Benchley (1889-1945) The writings of American humorist, actor and drama critic Robert Benchley are considered his best achievement. His socially awkward, slightly confused persona allowed him to write about the inanity of the world to great effect. Advice to Writers: A terrible plague of insufferably artificial and affected authorsBusiness Letters: As it stands now things are pretty black for the boy.Christmas Afternoon: Done in the Manner, If Not in the Spirit of DickensDo Insects Think?: It really was more like a child of our own than a wasp, except that it looked more like a wasp than a child of our own.The Most Popular Book of the Month: In practice, the book is not flawless. There are five hundred thousand names, each with a corresponding telephone number. Joseph Conrad (1857-1924) British novelist and short-story writer Joseph Conrad rendered about the tragedy of loneliness at sea and became known for his colorful, rich descriptions about the sea and other exotic places. He is regarded as one of the greatest English novelists of all time. Outside Literature: A sea voyage would have done him good. But it was I who went to seathis time bound to Calcutta. Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) American Frederick Douglass great oratory and literary skills helped him to  become the first African-American citizen to hold high office in the US government. He was one of the 19th centurys most prominent human rights activist, and his autobiography, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (1882), became an American literary classic. The Destiny of Colored Americans:  Slavery is the peculiar weakness of America, as well as its peculiar crime.A Glorious Resurrection: My long-crushed spirit rose. W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963) W.E.B. Du Bois was an American scholar and human rights activist, a respected author and historian of literature. His literature and studies analyzed the unreachable depths of American racism. Du Bois seminal work is a collection of 14 essays titled The Souls of Black Folk (1903).   Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others: Mr. Washington represents in Negro thought the old attitude of adjustment and submission.Of the Passing of the First-Born: He knew no color-line, poor dearand the Veil, though it shadowed him, had not yet darkened half his sun. F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) Known foremost for his novel The Great Gatsby, American novelist and short-story writer F. Scott Fitzgerald was also a renown playboy and had a tumultuous life compounded by alcoholism and depression. Only after his death did he become known as a preeminent American literary author.   What I Think and Feel at 25: The main thing is to be your own kind of a darn fool. Ben Hecht  (1894-1964) American novelist, short-story writer and playwright Ben Hecht is remembered as one of Hollywoods greatest screenplay writers and may best be remembered for Scarface, Wuthering Heights and Guys and Dolls. Fog Patterns: Yes, we are all lost and wandering in the thick mists. We have no destinations.Letters: You would see a procession of mysterious figures flitting through the streets, an unending swarm of dim ones, queer ones. Ernest Hemingway  (1899-1961) American novelist Ernest Hemingway won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature for his mastery of the art of narrative ... and for the influence he has exerted on contemporary style as demonstrated in his brilliant novel The Old Man and the Sea. American Bohemians in Paris: The scum of Greenwich Village, New York, has been skimmed off and deposited in large  ladles  on that section of Paris adjacent to the Cafà © Rotonde.Camping Out: Any man of average office intelligence can make at least as good a pie as his wife. Martin Luther King Jr.  (1929-1968) Civil rights activist and minister Martin Luther King Jr., winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964, may be best known for I Have A Dream, in which he wrote about love, peace, nonviolent activism and equality between all races. I Have a Dream: Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children.Reading Quiz on I Have a DreamTen Things You Should Know About Dr. Kings I Have a Dream Speech Jack London  (1876-1916) Nineteenth-century American author and journalist Jack London is best known for his adventures White Fang and The Call of the Wild. London published more than 50 books over the last 16 years of his life, including John Barleycorn, which was somewhat of a memoir about his lifelong battle with alcohol. The Somnambulists: [T]his archdeceiver believes all that they tell him. He reads only the newspapers and magazines that tell him what he wants to be told.The Story of an Eyewitness: The San Francisco Earthquake: Not in history has a modern imperial city been so completely destroyed.Reading Quiz on The San Francisco EarthquakeWhat Life Means to Me: I accepted that up above me was all that was fine and noble and gracious, all that gave decency and dignity to life. H.L. Mencken  (1880-1956) American journalist, activist and editor H.L. Mencken was also a very influential literary critic. His columns were popular not only for their literary criticism, but also for their questioning of popular political, social and cultural views. The Hills of Zion: Dayton was having a roaring time. It was better than the circus.The Libido for the Ugly: Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty.Literature and the  Schoolmam: The essence of a sound style is that it cannot be reduced to rules.The Lower Depths: The worst idiots, even among pedagogues, are the teachers of English.Portrait of an Ideal World: All the great villainies of history have been perpetrated by sober men, and chiefly by teetotalers. Christopher Morley  (1890-1957) American writer Christopher Morley was popular for his literary columns in the New York Evening Post, among other literary magazines. His many collections of essays and columns were lighthearted, vigorous displays of the English language.    1100 Words: Let us be brief, crisp, packed with thought.The Art of Walking: Sometimes it seems as though literature were a co-product of legs and head.A Morning in Marathon: [W]e flashed onto the Hackensack marshes and into the fully minted gold of superb morning.On Going to Bed: The happier creatures ... take the tide of sleep at the flood and are borne calmly and with gracious gentleness out to great waters of nothingness. George Orwell  (1903-1950) This British novelist, essayist and critic is best known for his novels 1984 and Animal Farm. George Orwells disdain for imperialism (he considered himself an anarchist) guided him in his life as well as through some of his writings. A Hanging: We all began laughing again. ... The dead man was a hundred yards away.Why Are Beggars Despised?: A beggar, looked at realistically, is simply a businessman, getting his living. Dorothy Parker  (1893-1967) Witty American poet and short-story writer Dorothy Parker began as an editorial assistant at Vogue and eventually became the book reviewer known as the Constant Reader for The New Yorker. Among her hundreds of works, Parker won the 1929 O. Henry Award for her short story Big Blond. Good Souls: They are fated to go through life, congenial pariahs. They live out their little lives, mingling with the world, yet never a part of it.Mrs. Post Enlarges on Etiquette: As one delves deeper and deeper into  Etiquette, disquieting thoughts come. Bertrand Russell  (1872-1970) British philosopher and social reformer Bertrand Russell won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950 in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought. Russell was one of the foremost philosophers of the 20th century. In Praise of Idleness: The road to happiness and prosperity lies in an organized diminution of work. Margaret Sanger  (1879-1966) American activist Margaret Sanger was a sex educator, nurse and womens rights advocate. She began the first feminist publication, The Woman Rebel, in 1914.    The Turbid Ebb and Flow of Misery: My own cozy and comfortable family existence  was  becoming a reproach to me. George Bernard Shaw  (1856-1950) An Irish dramatist and critic, George Bernard Shaw was also a socialist propagandist and winner of the 1925 Nobel Prize in Literature (which he didnt receive until 1926) for his work which is marked by both idealism and beauty. Shaw wrote more than 60 plays during his lifetime. Preface to  Pygmalion: It is impossible for an Englishman to open his mouth without making some other Englishman hate or despise him.She Would Have Enjoyed It: Why does a funeral always sharpen ones sense of humor?Why Law Is Indispensable: Laws deaden the conscience of individuals by relieving them of responsibility.The Art of Political Lying: Considering that natural disposition in many men to lie, and in multitudes to believe, I have been perplexed what to do with that maxim so frequent in everybodys mouth, that truth will at last prevail.Hints Toward an Essay on Conversation: This degeneracy of conversation ... hath been owing, among other causes, to the custom arisen, for sometime past, of excluding women from any share in our society.A Meditation Upon a Broomstick: But a broomstick is an emblem of a tree standing on its head. Henry David Thoreau  (1817-1862) American essayist, poet and philosopher Henry David Thoreau is most known for his masterful work, Walden, about living a life close to nature. He was a dedicated abolitionist and a strong practitioner of civil disobedience. The Battle of the Ants: I never learned which party was victorious, nor the cause of the war.The Landlord: If we do not look up to the Landlord, we look round for him on all emergencies, for he is a man of infinite experience, who unites hands with wit.The Last Days of John Brown: [T]he one great rule of compositionand if I were a professor of rhetoric I should insist on thisis, to  speak the truth. James Thurber  (1894-1961) American author and illustrator James Thurber is best known for his contributions to The New Yorker. Via his contributions to the magazine, his cartoons became some of the most popular in the United States. The Subjunctive Mood: Husbands are suspicious of all subjunctives. Wives should avoid them.Which: Never monkey with which. Anthony Trollope  (1815-1882) British author Anthony Trollope is best known for his writing in the Victorian Erasome of his work includes a series of novels known as The Chronicles of Barsetshire. Trollope also wrote on political, social and gender issues. The Plumber: The plumber is doubtless aware that he is odious. He feels himself, like Dickenss turnpike-man, to be the enemy of mankind. Mark Twain  (1835-1910) Mark Twain was an American humorist, journalist, lecturer and novelist best known for his classic American novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. With his wit and grand telling of tales, Twain is nothing short of an American national treasure.   Advice to Youth: Always obey your parents, when they are present.Corn-Pone Opinions: Tell me whar a man gits his  corn pone, en Ill tell you what his pinions  is.The Danger of Lying in Bed: The danger isnt in traveling by rail, but in trusting to those deadly beds.A Fable: You can find in a text whatever you bring.Fenimore Coopers Literary Offences: Deerslayer  is just simply a literary delirium tremens.The Lowest Animal: [W]e have descended and degenerated ... till we have reached the bottom stage of development.On the Decay of the Art of Lying: Lying is universal: we all do it; we all must do it.Two Ways of Seeing a River: All the grace, the beauty, the poetry had gone out of the majestic river!Unconscious Plagiarism: [P]ride protects a man from deliberately stealing other peoples ideas. H.G. Wells  (1866-1944) British author and historian H.G. Wells is best known for his works of science fiction, including The Time Machine, The First Men in the Moon and The War of the Worlds. Wells wrote an astounding 161 full-length books.   For Freedom of Spelling: The Discovery of an Art: Why should correct spelling be the one absolutely essential literary merit?Of Conversation: An Apology: I am no blowfly to buzz my way through the universe.The Pleasure of Quarrelling: Without  quarreling  you have not fully appreciated your fellow-man.The Possible Collapse of Civilisation: Modern warfare is an insanity, not a sane business proposition.The Writing of Essays: The art of the essayist ... may be learnt in a brief ten minutes or so. Walt Whitman  (1819-1892) American poet and journalist Walt Whitmans verse collection Leaves of Grass is an American literature landmark. Ralph Waldo Emerson praised the collection as the most extraordinary piece of wit and wisdom America had yet contributed. A Glimpse of Wars Hell Scenes: There was no exultation, very little said, almost nothing, yet every man there contributed his shot.Slang in America: Language in the largest sense ... is really the greatest of studies.Street Yarn: Come and walk in New York streets. Virginia Woolf  (1882-1941) British author Virginia Woolf  may be best known for her modernist classics Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse. But she also produced feminist texts such as A Room of Ones Own and Three Guineas and wrote pioneering essays on the politics of power, artistic theory and literary history. The Decay of Essay Writing: Under the decent veil of print one can indulge ones egoism to the full.The Modern Essay: The essay must lap us about and draw its curtain across the world.The Patron and the Crocus: Be sure you choose your patron wisely.Street Haunting: A London Adventure: Into each of these lives one could penetrate a little way.Writing for My Eye Only: I can trace some increase of ease in my professional writing which I attribute to my casual half hours after tea.

Marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing - Research Paper Example Threat of Substitute The food drinks mainly represent the fast moving consumer goods market and therefore the markets mainly rely on creating impulse purchase. Price sensitivity is quite low in the market; mainly marketers mainly rely on customer loyalty and brand loyalty. There are a lot of products that can provide boost and act as replacement to the energy drinks. Due to the nature of the product the target customers may switch to soft drink and carbonated drinks. Also the customers have a lot more health conscious. Therefore the customers may also look to drink lot of fluids such as herbal tea and water. Hence, there are a lot of alternative options for the customers. Overall, the level threat of substitute of products is high. Bargaining Power of Suppliers While considering the bargaining power of the buyers from the perspective the energy drink market only it can be interpreted that the bargaining power of the buyer would be quite low as there are very few players in the market . Also buyers in the market are not very price sensitive as the products are targeted towards the higher end market. The relation between the manufacturer and retailer has also evolved over the course of the market life cycle. However, the buyers should be wary of the fact that there are a lot of substitute products in the market (Williamson, Cooke and Jenkins, 2004). Bargaining power of Buyers The production process to develop the energy drinks is quite simple and bargaining power of the suppliers is quite low. The supply chain of the top players in the market is quite short. The value added in each and every stage of the production process leads to significant level of profit. The only access to the attractive market for the suppliers is through the brand owners. All in all as there are small numbers of players in the market the bargaining of the suppliers is quite low (Brown, 2009). To summarize thing it can be said that the competition level competition in market is moderate as there as few players in the market. The threat of new entrants varies between medium to high as it is likely that more and more competitors would look to enter the market due to the high level of profit. However, the economies of scale, high level of brand loyalty and the recent economic downturn would act as a major barrier to entry. The bargaining power of the suppliers and the buyers is low as there are very players in the market. However, the major threat for would be the presence of various substitute products (Kolb, 2008). Industry Rivalry The market is mainly dominated by companies like GSK and Red Bull. Lucozade is a brand of GSK. These companies have made the market saturated. The market has moved from being a niche market to mass market. It is most certainly a market for the multinational companies. Familiarity of brands would definitely play a key role to play in gaining competitive advantage. Also product dedifferentiation would play a key role. Already Lucozade has been successful in achieving product differentiation through the introduction of the caffeine versions. One of the recent entrants in the market has been the Taut, which has looked to position itself as a clean sports drink. Due to high industry margins, large of companies have looked to enter the market; but the rivalry among the brands have no lead to any kinds of adverse conditions. Although some of the smaller players have tried to imitate the strategies of Lucozade and Red

Comparing and contrasting agency theory and stakeholder theory Essay

Comparing and contrasting agency theory and stakeholder theory - Essay Example In a corporation the principal are the shareholders, whose agent is the chief executive officer hired by them; thus, the agent is expected to act in the interest of the shareholders. The main challenge is in motivating the agents to increase their productivity to a level they would achieve if they were the owners. Further, one of the key factors of agency theory is that principals and agents have different preferences or goals; and these divergent preferences can be aligned with the help of incentive contracts. Stakeholder theory is to a great extent not a formal, unified theory, but is more of â€Å"a broad research tradition, incorporating philosophy, ethics, political theory, economics, law, and organizational social science† (Solomon, 2007, p.23). Stakeholder theory is underscored by the fact that companies are large and have a far-reaching impact on society; hence they are accountable to many more sections of society than their shareholders alone. A common feature among a ll stakeholders of a company is their participation in an exchange relationship with the company by providing contributions while expecting their own interests to be fulfilled through ‘inducements’. ... has to maintain the support of all of these groups, balancing their interests, while taking measures to ensure that all the stakeholder interests can be maximized over time in the organization. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast Agency theory and Stakeholder theory; and to determine which theory offers the most useful insights into corporate behaviour. Agency and Stakeholder Theories are Based on Essential Moral Principles: of Honouring Agreements and Respecting the Autonomy of Others Firms with high levels of agency may face threats from other firms in the business environment, through the mechanism of the market for corporate control. These assumptions are based on presuming the presence of a functional, â€Å"efficient, competitive environment, in which information asymmetries are minimal, and competitive pressures are high† (Udayasankar, Das and Krishnamurti, 2005, p.1). Agency theory pertains to discussion on moral hazards and agency co sts. Agency theory can only be applied effectively if four moral principles were observed: â€Å"avoiding harm to others; respecting the autonomy of others; avoiding lying; and honouring agreements† (Solomon, 2007, p.25). That is, the principal-agent model would be applicable only if it was based on the setting of these moral principles. Thus, the principle of agent morality stated that only when agents fulfilled their basic moral duties as human beings, could they involve themselves in maximizing shareholders’ wealth. Further, Agency theory is interwoven with transaction cost theory. Both provide different views of the theory of the firm and of managerial behaviour, while using different terminology to describe the same problems and issues. For example, while agency theory confronts moral hazards

John Steinbacks Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

John Steinbacks Of Mice and Men Essay John Steinbacks Of Mice and Men is a tale of two travelling workers in the harsh depression years of 1930s America. Steinback uses a Cyclical Structure upon finishing the book I noticed many similarities between the first and last chapter. The first similarity was the location. In Chapter One Steinback mentions a deserted place near a non-flowing pool, and then introduces both Lennie and George, the same happens in the last chapter but this time Lennie is alone having run away from the ranch. Lennie is shown to the readers as simple-minded and so Steinback uses this to an advantage; His huge companion dropped his blankets and flung himself down and drank from the surface of the green pool; drank with long gulps, snorting into the water like a horse Lennie dipped his whole head under, hat and all, and then he sat up on the bank and his hat dripped down on his blue coat and ran down his back Lennie dabbled his big paw in the water and wiggled his fingers so the water arose in little splashes; rings widened across the pool to the other side and came back again, Lennie watched them go. Look George. Look what I done. Steinback mentions the drinking of the pool water later in Chapter Six. The second similarity that I noticed was of the dream that Lennie and George shared. Just like a little child, Lennie likes the idea of their dream and asks for it to be repeated on numerous occasions. The most significant times are mentioned in the book; at the beginning where they both feel that they are able to achieve the dream and at the end, just before George shoots Lennie. Lennie has this problem where once he holds onto to something he cant let go. In Chapter One George and Lennie are running away from a ranch in Weed, due to Lennie holding onto a girls red silk dress, as he felt the silk, the girl thought that she was going to be sexually assaulted and so panicked. She ran off to tell the other ranch workers giving George and Lennie time to run off. In the Last Chapter Lennie runs from the Soledad ranch to the brush area because he killed Curleys wife. Having to put up with Lennies bad behavior, George feels pressurized and so says that he could live a lot better without Lennie; Why, I could stay in a cat house all night. I could eat any place I want, hotel or any place, and order any damn thing I could think of. This is all mentioned in Chapter One and in the last chapter Georges feelings are represented by Lennies hallucination in the form of Aunt Clara; And then from out of Lennies head there came a little fat old woman. She wore thick bulls-eye glasses and she wore a huge gingham apron with pockets, and she was starched and clean. She stood in front of Lennie and put her hands on her hips, and frowned disapprovingly at him. And when she spoke, it was in Lennies voice. I tol you an tol you, I tol you Min George because hes such a nice fella an good to you But you dont never take no care. You do bad things. You never give a thought to George, hes been doin nice things for you alla time. When he got a piece a pie you always got half or moren half All the time he coulda had such a good time if it wasnt for you. He woulda took his pay an raised hell in a whorehouse, and he coulda set in a poolroom an played snooker. But he got to take care of you. Knowing that he has done something bad this time, Lennie reflects back the entire sayings that him and George said before going to work on the ranch in Soledad. From the Ketchup argument Lennie threatens to leave George and climb up into the mountains, yet again in the last chapter he threatens to go off into the caves to Aunt Clara. Steinbacks use of language describing the water snake and the heron gives the reader a very secretive message; If your not careful something bad may happen, and just like the watersnake being caught by the heron, the watersnake represents Lennie and the heron represents George.

Drip Irrigation and Soil :: Agriculture Agricultural Essays

Drip Irrigation and Soil Introduction Irrigation has had a substantial effect on agricultural history, from its use by Egyptian and Iranian farmers over 2500 years ago through modern agriculture (Troth 1980). The most common irrigation techniques of today are furrow, flood, sprinkler and drip. Furrow and flood both flood the irrigated area, while sprinkler and drip are direct applicators. Drip irrigation is gaining popularity for its efficiency of irrigation. Drip Irrigation Drip, or trickle, irrigation is a process of selective water application. A number of emitters are placed either on or below ground level. Placement of emitters is numerous in order to directly apply water to the crop. A pressurized pipe system supplies the emitters with water which then wets the soil within the root zone. Frequently, fertilizers are also applied using this method. Water efficiency is one of the most important characteristics of this recently developed technique. 90% of applied water is available for crop use (Troth 1980). The constant presence of water in the soil has a positive effect for crops. (Bresler, 1977). Water efficiency also provides for a slower application of water to the soil. The application rate controls infiltration rate which allows for a more uniform wetting in the individual root zone. In furrow and flood irrigation, waterlogging and water fluctuation can cause evaporation losses, plant damage, and erosion (Singer, 1996). Selective application prevents such instances from occurring under drip irrigation. Effects on Soil Irrigation plays a significant role in soil structure. The effects could be either beneficial or harmful to the soil, while separately affecting its short term crop productivity. Long-term damage to the soil, however, will result in decline of soil productivity. Farming techniques which use earth-moving machines can appear effective for crop production, but will eventually damage the topsoil (McLaren, 1990). Erosion Any irrigation will decided role in the structure of a soil. The effects could be either beneficial or harmful to the soil, while separately affecting its short term crop productivity. Long-term damage to the soil, however, will result in decline of soil productivity, and regardless of the initial bountiful harvests crop yield will decrease. For example, farming techniques which use earth-moving machines can appear effective for crop production, but will eventually damage the topsoil which thereby decreases crop productivity (McLaren, 1990). Erosion is a substantial contributor to deterioration of soil quality. Flood and furrow irrigation use a high influx of water to immerse the crop area.

Health history and screening of an adolescent or youg adult client Essay

The population of the U.S. keeps increase to be a diversity nation. As they emerge to one nation, they share common concerns about life such as health and quality of life. Providing effective health care to diverse ethnic group, cultural minority group, need to have proper assessment tool for assessment for their cultural needs, beliefs, and their traditional health care practice. The Heritage Assessment Tool create effective assessment of background of people include age, gender, family structure, nationality, culture, religion, and social activity. The detail information from this tool contribute to the ability to become culturally competent so that effective nursing care can be initiated, planned, implemented, and evaluated in individuals, families, and communities. The goal of The Heritage Assessment Tool is to enhance care for cultural minority group to encourage their quality of life and health promotion and prevent discrimination by a dominant group. It is necessary to understand cultural influences with health care practice to provide health promotion. Using The Heritage Assessment will assist nurses in providing information that benefit on minority group to get equal opportunities in health care. Mr. and Mrs. Choi who is Korean, middle age in their 40’s, have been living with their 17 years- old son and Mrs. Choi’s mother. They all live in low- income neighborhood area. Mr. and Mrs. Choi are both high school educated and both worked full-time in Korean grocery store as a manager and casher. Mrs. Choi’s mother had stroke 2 years ago with left side weakness. Their income is not enough to support insurance for acupuncture, massage therapy, and herb med to treat her mother. Their son is going to college next year. They don’t speak English fluently because they don’t educate here. That is why they are working in the Koran grocery market. When they are working during the weekday Mrs. Choi’s mother stay home alone taking care of herself with left side weakness. She used to go to church to socialize with people, but her activity is limited since she had stroke. On weekends, Mrs. Choi bring her mother to oriental medicine doctor to receive the acupuncture and massage therapy, herb-meds as well, which is not covering by insurance. Mr. Choi is unsatisfied this situation asking for receiving western medicine which covered by insurance. There is conflict between Mr. Choi and Mrs. Choi’s mother. Mrs. Choi is depressed from living poverty and stress intergeneration relationships that she can’t support her mother to get the care she wants. She have guilty feeling that she can’t afford oriental medicine care. Asian folk medicine influence from Chinese principles of an imbalance in energy. Herb meds and acupunctures are their traditional healing treatment. Asian identify with their heritage (Tashiro, 2006). Of these, the best known is acupuncture (Andrew, 2008). In Asian culture, younger people have to respect and follow older peo ple’s opinion whether it is right or not. As a nurse, Education about combine with western medicine and complementary and alternative medicine . Encourage the couple and Mrs. Choi’s mother to have open discussion. Accommodate with social worker and case manager for financial crisis. Intervention requires the cultural traditions, motivation level, health status to achieve positive outcome. As Arab American population getting increased, There are noticeable health care issues of Arab American such as high-risk for diabetes including hypertension, obesity, gender, low employment, and lack of education in women as well as mental health and adolescents smoking. Mr. Khan is 50 years old man is living with wife and 2 sons, age 12 and 16. Mr. Khan is a taxi driver who is the only one income source. His wife is housewife who is not educated high school so that she doesn’t speak English at all. Two sons are both high school students. The old son is a smoker that parent don’t know his smoking habit. Mr. Khan is obese and smoker. He also have high blood pressure. He had new onset of diabetes recently. His meal habit is irregular and eating fast food because of job. He never do exercise or walking. His wife cook regular meal, and she has no idea about diabetic meals. Old son learned how to smoke from friends. Religion is major role of Arab society. They are male dominant and submissive women society so that women have low education. Approaching this case, health promotion education is essential for Mr. Khan’s family such as diabetic teaching, recipe of food in low calories, smoking quit teaching, and exercise program. Provide wife to community to learn and involve activity. Develop a plan for blood sugar monitoring and routine check doctor’s office on a regular basis. Support to wife to joining the religion community. Religious preventive program will be beneficial to protect them from addicting to bad habit. Latino/Hispanic population is tremendously increased as a largest ethnic group in Americs society. The major health issues of Latino/Hispanic Americans are lack of health insurance and less preventive care. They have higher level of living poverty because of low income. With that poverty cause lack of insurance, they have reduced access to medical care bring delay diagnosis and treatment, and poor health outcome. Family and religion are emphasized to maintain the good health. When they meet health crisis, family member is the most important health supporter. They believe illness is from imbalance of hot and cold concept. Fever managed by cold drink. Cold person drinks warm fluid (chong, 2002). Their folk remedy influence of person’s well-being. Approaching nursing care for them, professional acre needs to combine with their folk remedies. These combinations will benefit to them to have positive results. In summery, It is great challenge using the Heritage Assessment to provide optimal care for people’s well-being and the quality of life. Awareness of people’s culture and value is important to achieve the goal of the health promotion. The Heritage Assessment tool inf luences in nursing to maximize the effectiveness of optimal nursing care and practice for all people from different culture and country. REFERENCE M.M. Andrews: The influence of cultural health belief system on health care practices. In M.M. Andrews, J.S. Boyle (Eds.): Transcultural concepts in nursing care. 5th ed., 2008, Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 66-81. N. Chong: In The Latino patient: A cultural guide for health care providers. 2002, Intercultural Press, Maine. C.J. Tashiro: Identify and health in the narratives of older mixed ancestry Asian Americans. Journal of Cultural Diversity. 13(1), 2006, 41-49. Edelman, C., Et. Mandle. C. L (2010). Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span. (7th ed.) St. Lows Mosby. Grand Canyon University (2011). Lecture 3: Culture and Cultural Competency in Health Promotion.

Fdi Impact to China Economy Essay

The successful in attracting FDI is due to the provision on both the internal and external specific country advantages. It secures cheap labor cost and the availability of raw materials as well as securing the opportunity on exploring the domestic market potential. It is probably a more important factor for service sector to get closer to the market being served in order to meet and understand local needs and tastes. Foreign investors not only achieve benefit from tax breaks and incentives, China has also reduced many of its import quotas which may ensure the security and continuity on accessing to markets, to a certain extent. In addition, they can operate in a low cost base for export to third countries which is a key motive for many firms. However, there exists a dilemma. It is believable that foreign capital has played a largely positive role in China’s economic development while, in contrary, there concerns FDI may bring detrimental effect. The benefits generated from FDI not just only help solving the capital shortage problem of the economy but also to augment the various aspects such as technologies, human capital, and operations etc as well. The opposition that concerns negative impacts on China’s development claims that foreign capital inflows may substitute for domestic savings and FDI makes worst the balance-of-payment deficits thereby rising debt repayment obligations. Moreover, the transition to a market economy has failed to protect workers with a minimum of social security benefits. The local worker has lost originally guarantee to full and lifetime employment that they were recruited and allocated through centralized system as well as achieving related benefits of housing, health care, childcare and pensions offering by the state. As such, unemployment became a feature of Chinese labor market. Under the following analysis, its aim is to work out how Chinese local workers have lost or gained while foreign direct investment in China has brought great benefits both to the nation and the multinationals. 2. Background Before the announcement of mainland China to its â€Å"Open Door† policy in 1978, it was a centrally planned economy. Large enterprises were state-owned and they were required to produce according to the plan rather than market demand. They were also responsible for the provision of welfare, pensions, schooling and hospitals for their local communities. Under the plan, the internal management structures of the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) were constrained and the accounting system, which functioning the allocation of assets for central authorities, was not designed to identify profitability. The economic reforms in China took place since the late 1970s and it has been a market being sought to enter by many multinational firms recently. The active government promotion through various policy measures resulted that foreign direct investment (FDI) in China has grown rapidly since then. During the first ten years of the reform period (1978-1988), China’s GDP grew at an average rate of around 10% per annum and its share of world trade doubled during the decade of the 1980s as well. From the period of the early 1980s to late 1990s, contracted FDI inflow to China grew from about US$1. 5 billion a year to more than US$40 billion a year in 1999. The rate of economic growth was even higher in the fist half of the 1990s.

Early Childhood Observation

Early Childhood Observation In order to conduct the investigation based on the known Piaget experiments, one child is chosen. For the purpose of confidentiality, the name of this child is changed to Jenny. She is a five-year-old girl, the elder one among her two brothers. There are only two people in this room: the girl herself, and me, an observer and experimenter. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Early Childhood Observation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is the afternoon of Saturday, May 16, 2009. The experiment does not take much time, as the girl demonstrates her interest and desire to communicate with a new person. The very experiment takes about 30 40 minutes. Before the experiment, her parents told that she could easy talk with unknown people, but only being in her room; this is why the place for this observation was obvious – Jenny’s room. The first experiment is connected with conservation of volume. Piaget tells a lot about the abilities of children of five and six years and admits that their abilities to conserve are not perfectly developed. â€Å"Their thought processes are dominated by the appearances of things, and they do not realize that the volume of an object may not change just because the appearance changes.† (Hobart, 155) Piaget points out that children at this age use rather primitive reasoning to answer any question and are not able to follow and think about the actions other people do. This is why Jenny does not pay attention to the volume of water, compare the forms of the glasses, or concentrate on the level of water; all she does is make conclusion visually. Jenny sees two absolutely identical glasses of water. I ask her which glass has more water; she surely answers that none, as both of them has the same volume of water. I take another, thinner and taller glass and pour water of one glass to it. The girl smiles and admits that now, there is more water in the thinne r glass. I ask her to explain why she thinks so; her answer is rather clear, because the second glass is taller. The second experiment lies in conservation of mass. I present two equal balls of clay and ask her whether they are of the same shape. The girl touches both of them in order to play a bit and puts them on the table. In several seconds, she admits that they are of the same size. However, when I roll one of them and change its form into the shape of a sausage, the child looks at them attentively and tells that the sausage is bigger than a ball because it takes more place on the table. Jenny does not take into consideration that the sausage was made of the same material, get them up in order to find out which one is harder, or pay attention that nothing is added or deleted, and, finally, she does concentrate only on its general view. Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This experiment, as the previous one, proves the facts, offered by Piaget: a child at the age of 5 is disable to analyze the events, does react only on some visual changes, becomes very curious and tries to participate in everything, and cannot grasp how the objects with different forms may be equal in their weight . The third experiment helps to analyze child’s awareness of length. Piaget mentions that a child is able to notices certain changes, however, does not concentrates on details, and can easily make fast decisions. I show her two similar straws; they lie parallel to each other. After I ask whether these straws are similar, she looks at them and, in a second, gives a positive answer. Then, I put one of the straws a bit higher, and ask the same question. She tells that the end on one straw is far than the end of another straw, this is why the higher straw is longer. Her answer proves that a she concentrates on one end of the straw only and does not take any actions t o compare the sizes. It does not take much time to give the answer and follow the first impressions only. This experiment shows that Jenny is not able to conserve length and still trust her vision skills only. She may find enough reasons to prove that she is right and is ready to explain her choice. This is why it is necessary to remember one more fact regarding early childhood development: egocentric thinking, when a child is ready to tell why he/she make such choice or give such answer. The next experiment deals with number conservation. Many children, who may count, pass this test in different ways, and it is rather interesting to me how Jenny passes it. There are two rows of pennies; each of these rows contains five coins. I ask Jenny whether the number of coins is similar in both rows; Jenny counts them carefully. Her counting is certain and correct. She answers that there are 5 coins in each row, this is why she states that these rows are equal. Then, I change the space betw een each coin in own row, and it become longer. I pose the same question. According to Piaget, many children, who face some problems with conservation, give answers without counting and say that the row, where the coins are far from each other, have more coins. His experiments still prove that 50% of children may demonstrate their perfect ability to conserve. Jenny is one of those who like to count guests in her house, toys she like, etc. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Early Childhood Observation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is why in order to answer my question, she does not pay attention that one row in longer than another, but does start counting the coins, and gives the right answer. The facts by Piaget that children don’t use logical thinking and ground on their visual abilities to answer are proved again. Object grouping is one more experiment, Jenny is eager to participate in. We use severa l toys in her room. There are 2 dolls, 4 animals, 1 big car, and 5 flowers. I ask her to unite these toys into some groups, her division impressed me a bit. She unites 2 dolls and a big car, because she thinks that these dolls can be transferred on it. Flowers and animals create two more groups; she explains her division this way â€Å"Animals have legs, and flowers do not.† She explains everything, and her explanations sound properly. It proves one more time that fact that 5-year-old children are able to give some explanations to their answers. There is no concrete task to divide toys according their size or functions, so, she demonstrates interesting approach to this experiment. Classification may be done according to one of the following criteria: association, colour, or mobility. Piaget says that children classify objects by one single feature. To my mind, Jenny uses personal associations to each subject. For my next experiment, I choose a story and read it to Jenny. It is crucially important to pick out not too long and boring story. I create something on my own: about mother, daughter’s duties to put all her toys at their places, candies, and encouragement. While I am reading the story, I try to observe Jenny’s reaction to the events, described in the story. She listens carefully to each word and looks around, maybe, in order to check whether all her toys are on their places. After I finish reading, I ask how she finds the story. She says that she likes more the stories about adventures and sailors, she events wants to tell me another story of her own. I make an attempt to stop her and develop the conversation about my story. She says that the mother is too strict and mentions that her mother also gives her candies, when she cleans her room. Then, she starts talking about chocolate and other sweets. Of course, she does not get the very essence of the story. She remembers only some final words and the major characters, the mother and daughter. She comprehends each of my word (I try to use simple English), however, she concentrates only on those words, she is interested in. Candies turn out to be the major theme in the story. Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Her discussion about candies impresses me: of course, she does not use too complicated words and tenses, however, her mimicry is great. I even think she expects that I present you another candy. Vygotsky, Piaget, and Donaldson presented absolutely different approaches to language development in children, however, each of them are connected to children language development as a social phenomenon and their talks to themselves. Jenny is eager to communicate, and her language seems to be properly developed. Piaget’s facts regarding early childhood development are easy to track during this experiment: ability to count, awareness about tenses (today, tomorrow, yesterday), ability to pronounce long sentences, the use of more or less correct grammar, awareness of antonyms – big-small, high-tall, and comprehension of the question and proper answer. All these experiments show that Jenny’s development is good in some sphere, counting for example. However, as lots of child ren, Jenny demonstrates that her visual perception of information is more important than other abilities. Approaches, offered by Piaget, help to analyze and even predict some Jenny’s reactions and admit that she turns out to be a normal child with all skills, inherent to the children at the age of five. In general, my experiment was successful; and the necessary results were achieved. Conversation with Jenny on her ‘territory’ was not complicated; and each of us was satisfied. Hobart, Christine and Frankel. Jill. A Practical Guide to Child Observation and Assessment. Nelson Thrones, 2004.

5 Exciting Outdoor Jobs for People Who Love Staying Active

5 Exciting Outdoor Jobs for People Who Love Staying Active Unless your name is Bear Grylls, the idea of finding a way to pay your bills while indulging your love of the outdoors and avoiding the 9-to-5 desk job grind can be an uphill climb (pun intended). If you’ve always preferred being out in the elements to a climate-controlled office, don’t despair- there are some career paths you might want to consider. 1. EnvironmentalistIf you’re one of those people on the street who does, in fact, find the time to stop and talk about the environment, you might want to consider working for a company or agency that works for conservation. Per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the demand for environmental scientists and specialists is expected to grow by 11% over the next eight years.2. Geologist/GeoscientistYou might think of geology of being as fun as a box of†¦well, rocks, but that’s just a stereotype. In reality, it’s a varied career path that can include studying the earth (soil, water, and minerals) and a tmosphere, weather, Earth’s relationship to the rest of the solar system, geochemistry, geophysics, and many other specialties. Think of it as getting to work in the world’s biggest lab.3. Park/Forest RangerThink of this job as being nature’s bouncer. You’re responsible for taking care of incredible natural environments (beaches, parks, deserts, woodlands) and helping to educate people about the wonders of the land and why it should be preserved.4. LifeguardThis one isn’t all slow-motion Baywatch drama- if you’re a lifeguard, you’re entrusted with the lives and safety of everyone visiting your beach, pool, or other body of water. If you’ve got eagle eyes and the quick instincts of a mama bear (not to mention the swimming skills of a fish), then this might be your ideal outdoor job.5. Ski/Snowboard InstructorNot all outdoor jobs are in warm, green, or beachy spots- we haven’t forgotten you, cold weather fans! This is more of a seasonal gig (not many people signing up for ski lessons in July), but if you have a warm parka, the downhill skills, and the desire to teach people to overcome their fear of the bunny slope and conquer the mountain, this can be a great career path for you.

Planning my assignment on a case study of child typical development Essay

Planning my assignment on a case study of child typical development - Essay Example Low self-esteem is triggered by the child’s inability to interact academically with his peers. Peccei (2006) identify schemas as the bridging gaps between low literacy levels and improvements. The one on one assistance issued to the student acts as a schema based on Piaget theory to literacy development. The 17 year old lacks organisational skills that are essential to literacy development. There is need to identify the student’s environment and plan based on these environments. Cognitive abilities enable students to identify tasks and perform them based on priorities and allocation. The environment around the child if effective, this is enhanced by the fact that both the teachers and parents are interested in his development. In assisting the student, various aspects would be considered. Basic cognitive abilities need to be identified upon which literacy development stages would be introduced to the student to enhance his learning. Once the student identifies priorities, different study schedule should be designed. This will enable the student identify the key areas of development and perfect on